Advances in Forestry Science

How does soil nutritional stress limit restoration in the Amazon?

Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues — 2023-12-28

Forest restoration is an urgent demand in the national and global scenario, especially in the Amazon due to the advance of forest cover loss. On the other hand, the nutritional limitation of soils in this biome is a challenge for this practice, considering the entire impact of stress on plants. Considering it, this review sought to compile the findings on the impacts of nutritional stress on tree species, as well as the strategies used to reverse this impasse in the Amazon. As a result, it was possible to observe biochemical, physiological, and morphological responses in tree species. In general, we found that nutritional stress results in changes in the biochemical and physiological activities of the plant since most nutrients are related to the function, structure, and/or composition of cellular elements. For morphological characteristics, a decrease in height, biomass and leaf area are the most recurrent damages. Regarding restoration methods used to minimize nutritional stress, besides conventional techniques such as phosphate fertilization and liming, it was observed the scientific community has invested in strategies mainly based on the reuse of waste. Furthermore, the application of biostimulants, biochar, and biofortification is increasingly common and promising. In this context, the promotion of research in the Amazon biome is strongly recommended to reduce existing gaps.

Efficiency of the use of biostimulants for the production of Ipê-roxo seedlings (Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart.)

Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues — 2023-12-28

Handroanthus impetiginosus Mart., commonly known as “ipê-roxo”, is a native forest species of the Amazon with multiple functionalities; hence, strategies that can optimize seedling production of this species are indispensable, such as the use of growth-promoting biostimulants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of H. impetiginosus seedlings after inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms. Four treatments were tested, three with microorganism inoculation (R46 = Burkholderia pyrrocinia; R92 = Bacillus subtilis; and MIX = four isolates of Trichoderma asperellum) and one without inoculation, considered as a control (CTL). Inoculation took place 14 days after germination, and measurements of the evaluated parameters occurred after 60 days. For height, stem diameter, and Dickson's Quality Index, only treatments R92 and MIX were superior to CTL. Chlorophyll content did not differ among treatments. Cluster analysis revealed similarity between R92 and MIX. Microorganism inoculation resulted in an increase in root fresh mass. We believe that the antimicrobial properties of the forest species may have inhibited the effects of R46, whereas for R92, benefits could be observed because H. impetiginosus releases exudates that attract the bacterium. The positive and relevant effects of MIX can be explained by the fungus's ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid. Thus, this study highlighted the efficiency of biostimulants for the production of H. impetiginosus seedlings, and the use of B. subtilis and T. asperellum is recommended as a strategy to enhance the practice.

Monitoring checklist for the construction of light-woodframe houses

Bruno Chiaramonti — 2023-12-28

Light-woodframe emerges as a modern construction solution to compete with the masonry houses, due to similarities in competitive costs and low-trained labor. This informality contributes to troubles and problems, being identified as perceptible challenges for the building planning and management. A good tool to solve these difficulties consists in the use of a standard checklist during construction process activities, avoiding the negligence of necessary steps to complete the building project. This checklist indicates the systemic view of the complete process, acting as a facilitating and standardizing tool for the progress of on-site building works. To meet these demands, the present paper developed and proposed an organizational tool, materialized by a checklist presented in Appendix section of this paper, in order to monitor the construction process of wood-based houses through light-woodframe system. Due to detailed knowledge of each building phase, this user-friendly checklist adds values and offers organization routines for developers and suppliers. Printed checklists exclude the need of electronic devices on site, allowing copies for all workers. On building site, it allows controlling the systematization and progress of activities, providing a comprehensive systemic view of the work.

Growth and quality of seedlings of amendoim-bravo (Pterogyne nitens Tull.) in response to nitrogen fertilization

Marciel Lelis Duarte — 2023-12-28

The objective of this work aimed to evaluate to effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and quality of amendoim-bravo (Pterogyne nitens Tull) seedlings. Were used six doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 mg.dm ^-³) also parceled out and applied at 0, 21^th, 42^th and 63^th days after the first thinning. The experimental design was a randomized block design, using as substrate in red yellow latosol, with four repetitions. After 120 days after sowing collected data of height, collar diameter, aerial part dry weight and root, and the ration between height and collar diameter, height aerial part and dry weight, aerial part dry weight and dry weight root and Dickson quality index (IQD). The nitrogen fertilization were positive and significant for all traits except for collar diameter and ration dry weight aerial part and dry weight root. Recommended for seedlings of amendoim-bravo application of 200 mg.dm^-³ of ammonium sulfate.

GAMLSS Modeling on stem taper of Tectona grandis L.f

João Paulo Sardo Madi — 2023-12-28

In this study we propose GAMLSS to fit taper functions. We measured 52 Tectona grandis trees for fiting of the 5^th degree polynomial by multiple linear regression and by the theory of generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). The goodness of fit was determined by the statistics: squared coefficient of correlation (R²), standard error of the estimate (S_yx and S_yx(%)), Akaike information criterion (AIC), worm plot, quantile-quantile plots, residual dispersion and statistics Deviation (Bias), Root Sum Squared Residues (RMSE) and Percentage Residues (RP). Pre-established assortment sections were assessed by numeric integrals in both adjustment methods, as well as volume and height for a given diameter of each assortment section. The classic linear model was more efficient according to R², S_yxand S_yx(%). However, the GAMLSS model was more efficient according to AIC, auxiliary statistics and graphical analysis of residuals. Assessing the practical effect of the different methods, we verified no differences in the classification of the products, morever, the volume obtained from the classic linear model was 5.47% greater in relation to the GAMLSS for the first product and the heights occurrence of diameters reached up to 37 cm. The GAMLSS model, in general, presented diameter estimates with greater efficiency in estimating the actual values.