ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES ECOLOGICAL IMPACT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF STABLE GROWTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v14i2.20578Palavras-chave:
ecological footprint, industrial enterprises, sustainable development, biocapacity, carbon emissions, resource efficiencyResumo
Análise do impacto ecológico das empresas industriais no âmbito do crescimento sustentável
RESUMO: O artigo analisa a pegada ecológica das empresas industriais no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável, considerando-a um indicador-chave da pressão antrópica sobre o meio ambiente. A avaliação da pegada ecológica permite compreender, de forma abrangente, o desequilíbrio entre o consumo de recursos e a biocapacidade dos territórios. Ela reflete não apenas a escala do uso de energia e das emissões, mas também os efeitos da captação de água, dos fluxos de materiais e da infraestrutura espacial sobre a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas. O estudo utiliza um modelo integrado de cinco componentes: energia, água, materiais, resíduos e infraestrutura. Todos os indicadores foram convertidos em hectares globais de acordo com a metodologia do Global Footprint Network. Com base em estatísticas oficiais de seis regiões centrais da Ucrânia, referentes ao período de 2021 a 2024, a análise reproduz a dinâmica do consumo de recursos e da poluição gerada pelas empresas industriais. Os resultados mostram que o componente energético domina a estrutura da pegada ecológica (mais de 90%), o que confirma a forte dependência do setor industrial de combustíveis fósseis. Embora 2021-2023 indiquem redução na intensidade de recursos e de emissões, uma recuperação moderada em 2024 revela um desequilíbrio ambiental persistente. O modelo proposto apoia a elaboração de eco-passaportes empresariais, o monitoramento regional e a implementação de programas de modernização com base nas melhores tecnologias disponíveis.
Palavras-chave: pegada ecológica; empresas industriais; desenvolvimento sustentável; biocapacidade; emissões de carbono; eficiência dos recursos.
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